PEACE, JUSTICE, FREEDOM, AND COMPETENCE |
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| Authors: | Kenneth E. Boulding |
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| Affiliation: | Kenneth E. Boulding is distinguished professor of economics, emeritus, and project director and research associate, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0484. |
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| Abstract: | Abstract. Peace, justice, and freedom are hard to define, but closely related. Peace has many meanings; an important one is "inclusive peace," defined by dividing total human activity into war and "not war." Justice is an elusive concept related to the legitimacy of property and the structure of equality. Freedom "to,""from," and "of" have different meanings, all related to the boundaries and legitimacy of property. The market has the virtue of economizing agreement and consensus. The existence of public goods necessitates government. Peace, justice, and freedom are unlikely to be achieved without competence, which fortunately can be learned. |
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