The Possible-Word Constraint in the Segmentation of Continuous Speech |
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Authors: | Dennis Norris James M. Mcqueen Anne Cutler Sally Butterfield |
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Affiliation: | aMRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom;bMax-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;cMRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | We propose that word recognition in continuous speech is subject to constraints on what may constitute a viable word of the language. This Possible-Word Constraint (PWC) reduces activation of candidate words if their recognition would imply word status for adjacent input which could not be a word - for instance, a single consonant. In two word-spotting experiments, listeners found it much harder to detectapple,for example, infapple(where [f] alone would be an impossible word), than invuffapple(wherevuffcould be a word of English). We demonstrate that the PWC can readily be implemented in a competition-based model of continuous speech recognition, as a constraint on the process of competition between candidate words; where a stretch of speech between a candidate word and a (known or likely) word boundary is not a possible word, activation of the candidate word is reduced. This implementation accurately simulates both the present results and data from a range of earlier studies of speech segmentation. |
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