主体道德观与社会道德观——俄罗斯伦理学两种道德概念之争

俄罗斯伦理学界近年来在对道德的理解上有两种不同观点,一种认为道德的根本在于道德主体的个人行为,因此认为应当从“行为哲学”出发重新确立伦理学的哲学基础。另一种观点则认为道德主要是人与他人的关系,因此认为对道德问题的研究不仅应当注重个人责任,还应当看到他者、他人、行为的社会条件等因素。因为现代社会中的道德不是通过动机表现出来的,而是从事件、活动、政治方面表现出来的。

Subjective Morality and Social Morality

In recent years,the Russian ethics community has two different views on the understanding of morality.One is that morality lies in the personal act of moral subjects.Therefore,it is believed that the philosophical foundation of ethics should be re-established from the perspective of philosophy of act.Another view holds that morality is mainly the relationship between people and others.Therefore,it is believed that the research ethics should not only focus on personal responsibility,but also focus on the others,social conditions of act and many more.Because morality in modern society is not expressed through motivation,but from events,activities,and politics.