On observing: The use of the Carkhuff HRD model in writing psychological reports

Discusses the process of observation and presents a systematic approach for incorporating behavioral observations into evaluations and written psychological reports. The approach is based on Robert Carkhuff's Human Resource Development Model, which combines the psychologist's attending and responding skills to explore where clients are, personalizing skills to understand where they need to be, and initiating skills to act on these goals. Using this framework and drawing on the experiences of the authors, several principles of report writing are discussed. The paper presents specific steps and skills which can be used to determine where a client is functioning in a variety of areas and to communicate this understanding to others. Examples are provided to illustrate the principles and steps described.