Perceptions of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles: A meta-analysis |
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Authors: | Sarah D Gunnery Mollie A Ruben |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA;2. Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, USA |
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Abstract: | A meta-analysis was conducted to compare perceptions of Duchenne smiles, smiles that include activation of the cheek raiser muscle that creates crow's feet around the eyes, with perceptions of non-Duchenne smiles, smiles without cheek raiser activation. In addition to testing the overall effect, moderator analyses were conducted to test how methodological, stimulus-specific and perceiver-specific differences between studies predicted the overall effect size. The meta-analysis found that, overall, Duchenne smiles and people producing Duchenne smiles are rated more positively (i.e., authentic, genuine, real, attractive, trustworthy) than non-Duchenne smiles and people producing non-Duchenne smiles. The difference between Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles was greater when the stimuli were videos rather than photographs, when smiles were elicited naturally rather than through posing paradigms and when Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles were not matched for intensity of the lip corner puller in addition to other perceiver and methodological moderators. |
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Keywords: | Duchenne smile Non-Duchenne smile Smile perceptions |
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