Temperament Pathways to Childhood Disruptive Behavior and Adolescent Substance Abuse: Testing a Cascade Model |
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Authors: | Michelle M Martel Laura Pierce Joel T Nigg Jennifer M Jester Kenneth Adams Leon I Puttler Anne Buu Hiram Fitzgerald Robert A Zucker |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, 2005 Geology & Psychology Building, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA;(2) Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;(3) Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;(4) Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA |
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Abstract: | Temperament traits may increase risk for developmental psychopathology like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
and disruptive behaviors during childhood, as well as predisposing to substance abuse during adolescence. In the current study,
a cascade model of trait pathways to adolescent substance abuse was examined. Component hypotheses were that (a) maladaptive
traits would increase risk for inattention/hyperactivity, (b) inattention/hyperactivity would increase risk for disruptive
behaviors, and (c) disruptive behaviors would lead to adolescent substance abuse. Participants were 674 children (486 boys)
from 321 families in an ongoing, longitudinal high risk study that began when children were 3 years old. Temperament traits
assessed were reactive control, resiliency, and negative emotionality, using examiner ratings on the California Q-Sort. Parent,
teacher, and self ratings of inattention/hyperactivity, disruptive behaviors, and substance abuse were also obtained. Low
levels of childhood reactive control, but not resiliency or negative emotionality, were associated with adolescent substance
abuse, mediated by disruptive behaviors. Using a cascade model, family risk for substance abuse was partially mediated by
reactive control, inattention/hyperactivity, and disruptive behavior. Some, but not all, temperament traits in childhood were
related to adolescent substance abuse; these effects were mediated via inattentive/hyperactive and disruptive behaviors.
This work was supported by NIAAA grant R01-AA12217 to Robert Zucker and Joel Nigg, NIAAA grant R37-AA07065 to Robert Zucker
and Hiram Fitzgerald, and NIMH grant R01-MH59105 to Joel Nigg. Martel was supported by 1 F31 MH075533-01A2. The authors thank
the participants and Susan Refior, the long term MLS Field Director, whose steadfast commitment and support have made this
study possible. |
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Keywords: | Temperament Reactive control Disruptive behavior Substance abuse |
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