Comparing the effects of conscious monitoring and conscious control on motor performance |
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| Institution: | 1. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;2. Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom;3. The University of Waikato, New Zealand;4. University of the Philippines Manila, The Philippines;5. VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands;6. Heliomare Rehabilitation Centre, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands;1. Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, St. Leonard’s Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, United Kingdom;2. Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR21 2HE, United Kingdom;1. Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK;2. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK;3. Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK;4. School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, UK;1. Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;2. Te Oranga School of Human Development & Movement Studies, University of Waikato, Room TT.7.09A,New Zealand;1. Institute of Psychology, Department of Performance Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany;2. UFR STAPS, EA 4260, University of Caen, France;3. Brunel University London, United Kingdom;1. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Centre for Disability and Development Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia;1. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living/College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Australia;2. Game Insight Group, Tennis Australia, Australia;3. Te Oranga School of Human Development and Movement Studies, University of Waikato, New Zealand;4. Skill Acquisition, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia;5. School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong |
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| Abstract: | We compared the effects of conscious monitoring and control on motor performance. Participants were instructed to adopt an internal or external focus of attention in different blocks of a darts task. For one group, the internal as well as external focus instructions emphasized monitoring. For another group, the instructions emphasized control in the two focus conditions. Furthermore, participants’ propensity for monitoring and control was gauged via two factors of the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS) (Masters, Eves, & Maxwell, 2005). These factors were Movement Self-Consciousness (MS-C) and Conscious Motor Processing (CMP), which measure propensity for conscious monitoring and control, respectively. Performance differences between the internal and external focus blocks were expressed as mean radial error (MRE). Results revealed a 3-way interaction between CMP, instruction type (monitoring versus control) and an order effect. Only in the conscious control-group, but not the conscious monitoring-group was there a 2-way interaction between CMP and order. In the conscious control-group, participants with high CMP scores showed worse performance in whichever focus block (internal or external) was presented last. There were no significant effects in the monitoring-group or of MS-C. These findings indicate that conscious control has a stronger effect on motor performance than conscious monitoring. |
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