A game-to-game investigation of the relation between need-supportive and need-thwarting coaching and moral behavior in soccer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality & Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;2. Hacettepe University, Department of Psychology, 06800 Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey;3. KU Leuven, Department of Kinesiology, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;4. Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sport Science, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;1. Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;2. Department of Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK;1. Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany;2. Sport Psychology Group, Department of Sports and Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany;3. Neurocognition and Action Research Group, Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, PB 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;1. Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;2. Center of Research on Welfare Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Sweden;3. School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia;4. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;1. Illinois State University, School of Kinesiology and Recreation, USA;2. The Ohio State University, College of Social Work, USA;3. The Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology, USA;4. Unviersity of South Carolina, College of Social Work, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveAlthough perceived need-supportive and need-thwarting coaching have received considerable attention, the question whether coach behavior fluctuates from game to game, with resulting associations with players’ moral behavior has not been examined.Design and methodA Belgian sample of soccer players (N = 197; M = 26.57) was followed during five competition games, with players completing measures both prior to and following each game assessing, pre-game and on-game perceived coaching as well as athletes’ moral behavior.ResultsResults of multilevel analyses indicated that there exists substantial variation in perceived need-thwarting and need-supportive coaching behavior from game to game. The game-to-game variation in perceived pre-game need-thwarting coaching behavior related positively to variation in the adoption of an objectifying stance, which, in turn, related to variation in antisocial behavior oriented towards the opponent, the referee, and even their own teammates. Variation in perceived on-game need-supportive and need-thwarting coaching behavior yielded an additional relation to team-related moral outcomes. Finally, supplementary analysis indicated that these effects also held for an objective marker of moral functioning (i.e., number of yellow cards) and that players’ level of competition-contingent pay related to their antisocial behavior via an objectifying stance.ConclusionThe discussion highlights the fluctuating and dynamic nature of motivating coaching behavior, and its association with players’ moral functioning. |
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| Keywords: | Sport psychology Coaching behavior Self-Determination Theory Moral functioning |
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