内隐和外显道德评价的比较研究——来自眼动的证据

为探索内隐道德直觉和外显道德推理在道德评价中的差异及其内在机制,此研究将道德图片内容限定在伤害/关心维度,同时考虑道德效价以及情绪唤醒度,利用眼动追踪技术,考察内隐和外显道德任务中,道德直觉和道德推理的眼动轨迹及其加工过程差异。眼动结果发现,外显和内隐任务中个体均对低唤醒道德图片的首次注视时间更短,对低唤醒不道德图片总注视时间更长; 内隐任务和外显任务早期自动化加工阶段的平均凝视时间无显著差异; 内隐任务中,对不道德图片比对道德图片晚期平均凝视时间更长,瞳孔直径在中晚期时显著增加。此研究结果提示无论是道德直觉过程还是道德推理过程都是意识和无意识之间的相互作用,但是道德直觉过程的加工可能存在时间上的滞后性。

A Comparative Study on Explicit and Implicit Moral Evaluations:Evidence from Eye-tracking

The present study aimed to explore the physiological mechanism and the difference between implicit moral intuition and explicit moral reasoning in moral evaluation.We adopted eye tracking technique to investigate the eye movement patterns of moral intuition and moral reasoning influenced by moral valence and emotional arousal during implicit and explicit moral tasks limited to harm/care domain.The eye tracking results revealed that the time to first fixation were shorter on low-arousal moral pictures and longer fixation time on low-arousal immoral pictures in both tasks; and there was no significant difference in dwell time between explicit and implicit tasks at the early stage; in implicit task,the dwell time was longer on immoral pictures than on moral pictures at the late stage,besides,individuals had greater pupil dilation at the middle and late stages.These results support that both moral intuition and moral reasoning involve interactions between consciousness and unconsciousness,however,moral intuition may have a lag in time.