城镇化进程中离乡农民心理健康特点调查及心理素质、相对剥夺感的影响机制

为探讨城镇化进程中离乡农民的心理健康特点以及心理素质、相对剥夺感对其的影响,通过量表对1339名城乡居民进行调查。结果发现:离乡与留乡农民在幸福感、拥有生命意义感、感知控制感、心理素质方面显著低于城镇居民,在状态焦虑方面显著高于城镇居民; 离乡农民在抑郁上显著高于城镇居民,在感知控制感上显著高于留乡农民,在心理素质上显著低于留乡农民; 留乡农民在相对剥夺感上显著高于城镇居民; 离乡农民的幸福感、拥有生命意义感、感知控制感态与相对剥夺感呈显著负相关,与心理素质呈显著正相关; 离乡农民的抑郁、状态焦虑与相对剥夺感呈显著正相关,与心理素质呈显著负相关; 离乡农民的相对剥夺感与心理素质之间呈显著负相关。心理素质除了可以直接预测心理健康各项指标,还可以通过相对剥夺感的中介作用,间接预测幸福感、抑郁及状态焦虑。提升心理素质和降低相对剥夺感是离乡农民心理健康服务的重要切入点。

The Characteristics of Mental Health of Migrant Peasants in the Process of Urbanization and the Effect of Psychological Suzhi and Relative Deprivation

To explore the relationship among the mental health,psychological suzhi and relative deprivation on migrant peasants during the process of urbanization,a total of 1339 migrant peasants completed the scales.The results show that the migrant peasants and rural residents were significantly lower than urban residents in terms of happiness,presence of meaning,perceived personal control,and psychological suzhi,but higher in terms of anxiety.The migrant peasants was significantly higher than urban residents in terms of depression,and significantly higher than rural residents in terms of perceived personal control,but significantly lower than rural residents in terms of psychological suzhi.The relative deprivation was significantly higher in rural residents than urban residents.In the migrant peasants,the happiness,presence of meaning and perceived personal control were negatively correlated with the relative deprivation,and positively correlated with the psychological suzhi.While the depression and anxiety were significantly positively correlated with relative deprivation,and negatively correlated with psychological suzhi.And found that there was a significant negative correlation between the relative deprivation and psychological suzhi.Psychological suzhi can not only directly predict mental health indicators,but also indirectly predict happiness,depression and anxiety through the mediating effect of relative deprivation.Improving psychological suzhi and reducing relative deprivation are important entry points for the mental health services of migrant peasants.