老年人医疗语篇理解的影响因素和补偿模型

医疗语篇理解是老年人实现自我照护的关键因素,改善老年人医疗语篇理解有助于提高其生存质量并节约医疗成本。本文整理了老年人医疗语篇理解的影响因素,包括加工能力等老年人个体因素和可读性等语篇设计因素,并在此基础上提出了老年人医疗语篇理解补偿模型。该模型尝试阐述上述各影响因素中,那些随龄衰退的因素(如加工能力),如何从别的因素中得到补偿(如医疗知识),从而支撑老年人的医疗语篇理解。补偿模型有利于干预研究的设计,但也还有待更多的实证研究。

The Influential Factors and the Compensation Model for Medical Discourse Comprehension in Older Adults

Medical discourse comprehension is a prerequisite for self-care among older adults,and its improvement may help enhance one's quality of life and save medical costs.The present paper reviews the influential factors that may affect older adults' medical discourse comprehension,and finds that individual differences(e.g.,processing capacity)and discourse features(e.g.,readability)are the two main categories of factors,on the basis of which a compensation model is proposed.This model attempts to explain how the factors that generally decline with age(e.g.,processing ability)may be compensated by other factors(e.g.,medical knowledge)so as to support or maintain older adults' medical discourse comprehension.The compensation model proposed in this paper is beneficial to the design of intervention studies.And yet,more empirical research is needed to verify this model.