选择性注意对行人觉察有声信号灯的影响

为考察选择性注意如何影响行人整合交通信号中的多感觉加工优势,研究采用线索—靶子范式,操控交通信号类型(视觉/传统视觉信号灯、听觉、视听觉/有声信号灯)和信号呈现位置(线索化位置、非线索化位置)两个变量,分析被试对视觉、听觉、视听觉三类刺激的反应时和正确率,并通过对相对多感觉反应增强值(rMRE)和竞争模型(race model)的计算,对多感觉加工优势效应进行量化。结果发现:有声信号灯能够产生多感觉加工优势,选择性注意会减弱有声信号灯的多感觉加工优势。该研究结果为有声信号灯的设置提供了理论依据,且提示应当避免在环境中设置容易引起行人选择性注意的设施。

Effects of Selective Attention on Pedestrians' Perception of Audible Traffic Lights

The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of selective attention on multisensory performance improvement effect of audible traffic lights.The current study adopted the cue-target paradigm,with a 3(target modalities:visual/visual traffic lights,auditory,audiovisual/audible traffic lights)× 2(cue validities:cued,uncued)within-subject design.The reaction time(RT)and accuracy(ACC)were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs.In addition,relative multisensory response enhancement(rMRE)was calculated,and the race model was used to evaluate the effect of multisensory performance improvement.The results showed that multisensory performance improvement effect was produced by audible traffic lights,selective attention reduced the multisensory performance improvement effect.The results provide a theoretical basis for the setting of audible traffic lights.They can help pedestrians cross the street more safely and quickly due to the effective integration of visual and auditory information.