依恋类型对主动遗忘的影响

成人依恋可以在依恋回避和依恋焦虑两个维度进行分析。不安全依恋的个体在依恋关系中持续感受到一种不安全感,因此个体往往采用心理防御策略来摆脱这种不安全感。对于许多不愉快的事件,个体常常也会采用类似的防御策略进行抑制,以减少自身的消极体验。主动遗忘是指个体有意识地避免回想某一目标对象而导致的遗忘现象,其可能与高回避个体的停用策略十分相似。为探讨对于依恋相关的记忆内容,高回避个体是否能够成功进行主动遗忘以规避负面情绪,或是防御失败引起依恋系统激活,反而更多回忆起相关记忆内容,本实验采用Think/No-Think(TNT)范式进行研究,以依恋相关故事作为对被试的依恋启动操作,设计了2(启动:依恋启动vs.依恋未启动)×3(主动遗忘:Think vs.No-Think vs.Baseline)×2(依恋维度得分:高vs低)混合设计研究不同依恋类型主动遗忘能力的影响。实验结果显示,TNT操作与回避类型与启动操作的交互作用显著,高依恋回避个体在受到依恋相关启动时表现出优秀的主动遗忘能力,而在未受到启动时则不能有效地遗忘依恋相关负性词对; 而低依恋回避个体则表现相反,在受到启动材料威胁时无法成功主动遗忘,而在未受启动条件下可以成功遗忘要求内容。对于不同焦虑类型的被试来说,其主动遗忘能力与启动操作无关,高焦虑类型被试表现出更强的主动遗忘能力,并从依恋内部工作模型角度进行了分析。

The Effect of Attachment Styles on Intentional Forgetting

Adult attachment can be divided into two main dimensions:avoidance and anxiety.Individuals with high scores in these two dimensions continue to feel a sense of insecurity in the attachment relationship,so they often adopt psychological defense strategies to get rid of this sense of insecurity.Individuals also often use similar defense strategies to suppress many unpleasant events,in order to reduce their own negative experience.Intentional forgetting refers to the forgetting phenomenon caused by consciously avoiding recalling a certain target object,which may be very similar to the suspension strategy of high avoidance individuals.Then,for the memory content of attachment,can high avoidance individuals successfully initiate intentional forgetting to avoid negative emotions,or the defense fails and individuals recall more relevant memory content?In this experiment,we used the stable measurement of intentional forgetting developed by Anderson et al.:Think /No-Think(TNT).Through a 2(Priming vs.Not Priming)× 3(intentional forgetting:Think vs.No-Think vs.Baseline)× 2(attachment dimensions:high vs.low)mixed design to study the effect of active attachment ability of subjects with different attachment styles.The results show that the interaction between TNT operation and the type of avoidance and the priming is significant.High-attachment avoidance individuals show excellent intentional forgetting ability when they are primed by attachment,but cannot effectively forget the negative attachment-related word pairs when they are not primed; and low attachment avoidance individuals behave in the opposite way.They cannot successfully forget when they are threatened by the priming material,and can successfully forget the required content without being primed.For the subjects with different anxiety types,their intentional forgetting ability has nothing to do with the priming operation,and the subjects with high anxiety type show stronger active forgetting ability.These results were explained through the attachment internal working models of individuals with different attachment types.