婴儿对语音和非语音的感知:认知和神经机制

婴儿听觉感知能力的发展对于他们未来的语言学习和社会化都具有重要意义。过去大量的研究主要关注语音感知方面,只有较少的研究将非语音感知纳入考虑之中,但了解非语音感知的特征和机制将有助于增加研究者对听觉加工以及儿童发育的认识。该文分别介绍了婴儿语音感知中的三种偏好——对语音、“婴儿语”和母语的偏好,并尝试着将非语音分为音乐、人类的非言语发声、环境声音三类进行阐述。通过对比这两大类声音的感知得到婴儿可能存在语音感知的左脑偏侧化和音乐感知的右脑偏侧化现象,但这也尚存争议,目前有特定领域模型、特定线索模型和脑网络模型三种理论对偏侧化现象的认知机制进行解释。

Infant Perception of Speech and Non-speech:Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms

The development of auditory perception in infancy is of great significance to their future language learning and socialization.In the past,a large number of studies have focused on speech sound perception,and only a few have taken non-speech sound perception into consideration.However,learning the characteristics and mechanisms of non-speech sound perception can deepen our understanding of auditory processing and children's development.According to previous studies,Infants have a preference for speech sound,mother tongue and infant directed speech.By comparing the two kinds of sound perception,there may be left brain lateralization of speech perception and right brain lateralization of music perception in infants.However,this is still controversial.At present,there are three theories,namely,domain-specific model,cue-specific model and brain network model to explain the cognitive mechanism of the phenomenon.