材料的几何属性差异对3—7岁儿童分类标准影响的研究

以７３名３—７岁儿童为被试，通过变换分类材料的几何属性（形状或大小）的差异程度，采用自由分类方法，探讨材料差异程度的变换对儿童分类标准的影响。结果表明：３—７岁儿童的分类标准均受分类材料几何属性差异变化的影响。３岁儿童的分类标准几乎完全随分类材料的变换而改变；４—５岁儿童的分类标准主要表现为随分类材料的变换而改变；６—７岁儿童的分类标准虽然有随分类材料的变换而改变的趋势，但已经表现出比较稳定的按形状分类；５—６岁是儿童分类能力发展的质的飞跃阶段。

THE INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRIC ATTRIBUTE DIFFERENCE OF MATERIALS ON 3-7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN' S CLASSIFICATION CRITERION

The aim of this research was to determine how the changes of geometric attributes of materials affected children's classification criterion. The subjects were 73 3-7-year-old children. The experimental task was to classify materials, the geometric atributes (shape and size ) of which changed variedly. The children's task was to classify the materials according to their own criterion. The results: the geometric attribute difference of materials affected 3-7-year-old children' s classification criterion. The 3-year-old children' s classification criterion partly changed as geometric attributes changed; although their classification criterion tended to change with the geometric attributes, the 6-7-year--olds showed a considerably steady classification criterion in accordance with the shapes of materials. The children' s classification ability manifested a qualitative leap forward at the age of 5 or 6.