儿童4岁到7岁社交退缩行为的适应意义

本研究追踪了149名儿童4岁和7岁的抑制行为、安静退缩及活跃退缩行为，考察三种社交退缩行为与问题行为的关系。社交退缩由观察得到，问题行为分别由母亲和教师报告。结果表明，从4岁到7岁，儿童的三种社交退缩行为明显减少，抑制行为、安静退缩有较低的稳定性，活跃退缩不稳定。在两个年龄段，抑制行为都与内隐问题行为显著正相关。4岁的社交退缩不能预测7岁的问题行为。

Social Withdrawal and Problem Behavior in Childhood: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study

The present study explored the long-term effects of each subtype of social withdrawal in childhood.One hundred and seventy-six subjects were assessed at the age of 4,among whom 149 subjects also participated at the age of 7. In both study sessions,three subtypes of social withdrawal were measured by laboratory observation;problem behaviors were assessed by mother-rating and teacher-rating.The results indicated that reticence correlated with internalizing problems at both age 4 and age 7;active-withdrawal had no correlation with externalizing problems at both ages,which was different from the result in North America;passivewithdrawal didn't correlate with any problem behaviors at both ages.Social withdrawal was not very stable during this period,and none of the social withdrawal at age 4 could predict any problem behaviors three years later.