The acquisition and violation of expectancy: an experimental paradigm |
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| Authors: | M Lewis S Goldberg |
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| Affiliation: | 1. HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, School of Health Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland;2. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;3. Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;4. Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;5. International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | An experiment, using 44-month-old children, was conducted wherein a repeated presentation of a stimulus (S1) was followed by a new stimulus (S2). It was predicted that attention, as measured by orientation of the head and fixation of the eyes, cardiac deceleration, smiling, and pointing, would show response decrement over repeated trials of S1 and would show response recovery to S2. The data of this experiment confirmed these hypotheses and the results are discussed in terms of the orienting reflex, emotion, and general theories of attentional processes in the young child. |
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