青少年期亲子冲突的特点

从北京市四所普通中学选取829名初一、初二、高一和高二学生为被试,采取匿名的方式让被试报告与父亲和母亲在8个方面冲突的频率和强度,以及与父亲和母亲冲突的形式,冲突时的应对策略,以此探讨青少年期亲子冲突的特点。结果发现;(1)青少年与父母的冲突处于较低水平,发生冲突最多和最激烈的三个方面依次为学业、日常生活安排和做家务,而发生冲突最少和最弱的是隐私;言语冲突和情绪冲突是青少年与父母冲突的主要形式;在与父母发生冲突时,青少年使用最多的策略是回避,使用最少的策略是第三方干预;(2)除家庭成员关系外,青少年与母亲发生冲突的频率和强度均显著高于与父亲发生冲突的频率和强度;(3)女生与母亲在做家务方面的冲突频率和强度显著高于男生,而男生与父亲在花钱方面的冲突频率显著多于女生;男生与父母的身体冲突显著多于女生,而女生与父母的情绪冲突显著多于男生;在应对策略的使用上,男生使用第三方干预策略的情况显著多于女生;(4)随年级升高,青少年与父母冲突的频率和强度呈倒U型曲线发展,初二年级处于顶峰;青少年使用协商、回避和干预策略的情况呈现显著下降的趋势。

Parent-adolescent Conflicts

th , 8 th , 10 th and 11 th graders who were selected from four ordinary middle schools in Beijing were asked to fulfill an anonymous questionnaire to explore the characteristics of parent-adolescent conflicts. They were all asked to report the frequency and intensity of parent-adolescent conflicts in 8 aspects, including life arrangement, study chores, friends, money spending, appearance, family members and privacy. The styles of parent-adolescent conflict and the tactics they used to cope with the parent-adolescent conflicts were also reported. The results showed:(1)The occurrence of parent-adolescent conflicts is rather low. The frequency and intensity of conflict on life arrangement, study and chores are the top three while the conflicts on the privacy is the least one. Verbal and emotional conflicts are two main forms. To cope with the conflicts of parent-adolescent, adolescents use the avoidance tactics mostly and the third party prevention tactics at the least.(2)Other than the relationship with family members, The frequency and intensity of mother-adolescent conflicts on other 7 aspects are significantly stronger than those of father-adolescent conflicts.(3)Girls have more and stronger conflicts with mothers on the chores than boys while boys have more conflicts with fathers on money spending than girls. Boys have more physical conflicts with parents than girls while girls have more emotional conflicts with parents than boys. As for the four kinds of coping tactics, boys used the third party prevention tactics significantly more than girls.(4)With the increase of grade, the frequency and intensity of Parent-adolescent conflicts follow an inverted U-shaped function that peaks in grade 8, meanwhile the conciliation tactics, avoidance tactics and third party prevention tactics used by adolescent decreased remarkably.