Affiliation: | 1. ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal;2. Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal;3. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;4. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA Group Health Research Institute, MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Indiana University Bloomington, Seattle University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washingtion, Seattle, Washington, USA |
Abstract: | According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, maladaptive behavior stemming from a psychological disorder should not be attributed to personality. Attribution of behavioral symptoms to personality may undermine treatment-seeking and therapy outcomes and increase the stigmatization of the mentally ill. Although people adjust dispositional inferences given contextual alternative causes, we propose that beliefs in the stability and controllability of mental illness could lead to confounded representations of personality and psychological disorders. In six studies we tested whether people adjust dispositional inferences given a psychological disorder as they do give a physical impairment. Participants made trait ratings from short behavioral descriptions and corresponding contextual accounts. When the putative cause for the behavior was a psychological disorder, people did not reduce the trait inference to the extent they did when the cause was a physical impairment, except when the psychological disorder was presented as controllable/unstable. This suggests a conflation of psychological disorders with personality. |