语音意识、命名速度和语素意识在汉语阅读发展中的作用

以123名小学四、五年级汉语儿童为研究对象，采用回归分析、结构方程模型探讨语音意识、命名速度和语素意识在阅读能力不同方面（准确性、流畅性和理解）的作用。结果显示，语音意识、命名速度和语素意识都是影响阅读能力的重要认知因素，但对不同方面阅读能力的作用存在差异：（1）语音意识、命名速度和语素意识均直接影响阅读准确性，且语素意识的贡献相对较大；（2）命名速度除直接影响阅读流畅性外，还通过阅读准确性的部分中介作用影响阅读流畅性，而语音意识和语素意识则通过阅读准确性的完全中介作用影响阅读流畅性；（3）语音意识、命名速度和语素意识对阅读理解均无直接影响，分别通过阅读准确性和阅读流畅性间接影响阅读理解。

The Roles of Phonological Awareness,Naming Speed,and Morphological Awareness in Chinese Reading Development

Using regression analyses and structure equation modeling, the present study investigated the influences of phonological awareness, naming speed, and morphological awareness on different reading aspects (accuracy, fluency, and comprehension) in 123 fourth and fifth Chinese students. Results showed that phonological awareness, naming speed, and morphological awareness are all important cognitive predictors of children's reading, but contributed differently to the three reading aspects. (1) Reading accuracy was directly influenced by all three cognitive skills, with morphological awareness contributed slightly higher than both phonological awareness and naming speed. (2) In addition to its direct influence, the influence of naming speed on reading fluency also was partially mediated by reading accuracy; while the influence of both phonological awareness and morphological awareness on reading fluency was totally mediated by reading accuracy. (3) The influences of phonological awareness, naming speed and morphological awareness on reading comprehension were mediated by reading accuracy and reading fluency.