幼儿的自我投射能力对情景预见的影响:来自典型发展儿童和孤独症谱系障碍儿童的证据

情景预见是个体将自我投射到未来某个特定时间和地点预先体验可能发生的未来事件的一种能力。为了考察幼儿的自我投射能力在情景预见中的可能作用,本研究通过两个实验比较了从自己的视角和从他人视角完成情景预见任务时幼儿的表现。实验1选取236名3~5.5岁典型发展(Typically Developing,TD)幼儿,采用被试间设计发现,总体而言,幼儿为他人做预见优于为自己做预见。实验2采用被试内设计,在TD儿童身上验证了实验1的结果,同时发现,孤独症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder,ASD)儿童为自己做预见与为他人做预见没有差异。综上,幼儿不成熟的自我投射能力会干扰其自我卷入的情景预见,而自我投射能力受损的ASD儿童则没有表现出这种影响。

The Impact of Self-Projection on Episodic Foresight in Young Children: Evidence from Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Episodic foresight refers to the ability to mentally project the self into the future and pre-experience an event. To explore the effect of the self-projection on young children's episodic foresight, two experiments were conducted to compare the performance between self-perspective foresight and other-perspective foresight in young children. Two hundred and thirty-six typically developing (TD) children aged 3~5.5 years participated in experiment 1 in a between-subjects design. The results showed that TD children made better judgments for others than for themselves. Experiment 2 in a within-subjects design confirmed the results of experiment 1. More important, there was no significant difference between self-perspective foresight and other-perspective foresight in children with autism spectrum disorder. To conclude, the immature self-projection in young children might interfere with their self-involved episodic foresight, while autistic children with impaired self-projection would not.