神经科学视角下的共情研究热点

共情是指个体对他人情绪和想法的感受及理解。近年来关于共情神经机制的研究日益增多,但多集中在情感共情、认知共情、生理性疼痛共情等方面,而对社会痛共情、积极共情和不对称共情反应的研究相对较少。且由于研究范式及个体差异等原因,研究结果之间也充满着争议。未来研究可以设计更具生态效度的共情研究范式、进一步深化和细化共情的神经机制研究、从神经机制角度探讨不同共情能力个体的特点及共情反应的调节因素。

Hot topics on the research in empathy from the perspective of neuroscience

Empathy refers to the ability to share and understand other people's emotions and thoughts.Recently,the neural mechanisms underlying empathy have been attracting more and more attention in neuroscience research.However,most existing studies focus on affective empathy,cognitive empathy,and empathy for physical pain,leaving empathy for social experiences,positive empathy and counter-empathic responses relatively understudied.Moreover,because of differences in research paradigms and individual approaches,the results of these studies are controversial.Future research should focus on designing more ecologically valid research paradigms;further deepening and refining the study of the neural mechanisms of empathy;exploring the characteristics of people with different empathic abilities including underlying neural mechanisms;and exploring factors that moderate empathic responses.