儿童资源获取行为对学校适应的影响——一个历时5年的跨文化追踪

以160名中国儿童和133名加拿大儿童为被试，采用实验室观察和问卷调查，考察儿童7岁时的资源获取行为对其11岁时学校适应的影响。结果表明：（1）轮流规则行为对儿童的学校适应具有消极的预测作用，且存在性别差异：男孩的轮流规则行为可以显著正向预测其焦虑，女孩的轮流规则行为可以显著负向预测其学校态度；（2）请求行为可以显著正向预测中国儿童攻击行为，加拿大儿童则没有发现该关系；（3）对于资源获取失败次数少的儿童，求助成人行为有积极的适应意义；（4）儿童资源获取行为的结果在儿童7岁时资源获取行为与11岁时学校适应之间发挥调节作用；对于资源获取成功次数少的儿童，请求行为可以显著地正向预测其攻击行为；对于资源获取失败次数少的儿童，请求行为则显著地负向预测其攻击行为，求助成人行为可以显著地负向预测其孤独感。

The School Adaptation Meaning of Children's Resource Acquisition Behaviors: A 5-Year Longitudinal and Cross-cultural Study

In the present study, we compared the long-term associations between 7-year-old children's resource acquisition behaviorsand their 11-year-old school adaptationthrough lab observation and questionnaire. There were 160 Chinese children and 133 Canadian childrentook part in this study. At 7 years old, 4 children of same gender and not familiar with each other, were invited tothe observation room, and they were observed as they played with a single novel toy. The follow up studies were conducted in this sample when the children were 11 years old. The children's were asked to self-report their own feeling of recently, such as loneliness, depression, and behavioral problems. Their teachers werecontacted and asked to finish questionnaires assessing children's social and behavioral problems. Statistical analyses revealed the following results:(1) Turn taking behavior was significantly and negatively predicts children's school adaptation. Boys' turn taking behaviors at 7 years old were significantly and positively predict their self-reported anxious when they were 11 years old. While girls' turn taking behaviors were significantly and negatively predict their school attitude. (2) Polite request was significantly and positively predict Chinese children's aggression. Not for Canadian children. (3) Adult seeking has positive adaptation meaning for low failness children. (4) The outcomes of resource acquisition behaviors moderated the predictive relation between children's resource acquisition behaviors at 7 years and their school adaptation at 11 years. Polite request of low success children on resource acquisition was significantly and positively predict their aggression behaviors, while polite request of low failure children was significantly and negatively predict their aggression behaviors. Adult-seeking of low failure children was significantly and negatively predict their self-reported loneliness.