儿童的分配公平性:心理理论的作用

心理理论是影响儿童分配公平性的重要因素之一。"多重动机"的理论假设认为心理理论能够帮助儿童在不同的动机中权衡利弊,找到满足自我利益和他人需求之间的平衡;其中,感知需求、推断意图、理解情绪是影响独裁者博弈、最后通牒博弈、第三方惩罚中分配公平性的主要成分。未来研究需为此提供更多实证依据,探讨不同类型的公平分配与心理理论各组成成分的关系,以及可否通过训练心理理论能力促进儿童公平概念的发展。

Children's distributive justice: The role of Theory of Mind

Theory of Mind (ToM) plays an important role in children's development of distributive justice.The hypothesis of "multiple forces" posits that ToM can help children weigh the advantages and disadvantages of different motivations that underlie resource distribution,and find a balance between self-interest and the welfare of others.Children's ability to understand other people's desires,intentions and emotions are the three most important components of ToM that impact distributive justice in the Dictator Game,Ultimatum Game,and the Third-party Punishment Game.More empirical research is needed to support this hypothesis.Future research also should investigate whether and how different components of ToM influence different types of fair behavior.In addition,studies should explore the possible application of these research findings,such as for promoting children's distributive justice by fostering their ToM ability.