批判性思维对中国人创新观念与行为的影响

批判性思维是指个体基于良好判断、使用恰当的评估标准对事物的价值进行评估和思考的过程。尽管心理学家对它的研究时间并不长,但对这个概念的探索却从启蒙运动时代的笛卡尔就开始了。笛卡尔认为人们的很多知识都是建构在错误的基础上的,所以为了追求真理,最好的方法就是对现有的观念和认知统统加以怀疑,怀疑后才会发现并解决问题,从而达到促进知识发展和寻找确定性的目标,这种怀疑和质疑正是批判性思维的本质。Ennis、Facione等从20世纪80年代中期开始用心理学的方法确定了西方人批判性思维的特征,并从批判性分析能力、思维开放性和运用批判性思维倾向性三个方面衡量批判性思维。本研究计划包括4个系列实验:研究1是确立中国人批判性思维的结构;研究2是探讨智力、批判性思维与大学生创造力的关系;研究3是探究批判性思维与知识型员工创新之间的关系;研究4是通过对批判性思维的干预提升中国人的创新能力。通过这一系列的研究,找到批判性思维影响创新的机制,以及智力到创新行为之间的作用路径,从而使我们更好地理解培养批判性思维的价值,为党的十八大提出的万众创新提供理论支持。

The influence of critical thinking on Chinese innovative concept and behavior

Critical thinking is the process of value assessment and reflection on the basis of reasonable judgment and appropriate criteria.Despite its short history in psychological research,the exploration of this concept began with Descartes in the age of enlightenment.Descartes held the view that most of human knowledge is constructed on erred bases.Hence,in the pursuit of truth,the best method is to first cast doubt on all concepts and knowledge at hand.The doubt helps to discover and solve problems,and in the process knowledge is advanced and certainty is obtained.This kind of doubting is precisely the essence of critical thinking.Since 1980s,Ennis and Facione have studied the characteristics of Westerners' critical thinking using modern psychological methods.They suggested that critical thinking could be measured along three dimensions:analytical ability,openness,and application.The current research is comprised of four parts.First,we determined the structures and effects of critical thinking in Chinese.Second,we explored the relation between critical thinking and creativity in college students.Third,we explored the relation between critical thinking and innovation in employees.Forth,we studied how to improve Chinese innovation by manipulating critical thinking.By systematically examining the relation between critical thinking and innovation,this line of research will help us better understand the mechanisms and effects of critical thinking and provide theoretical support for the mass innovation initiative proposed at the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC.