当抗议遭遇挫折:集体行动失利情境下情绪反应对行动意愿的作用

在集体行动发展过程中,新的群际互动事件会对参与者心理及行为产生重要影响。本研究采取调查问卷与实验情境设计相结合的方法,考察了集体行动失利情境下参与者情绪体验对其未来行动意愿的影响,以及群体认同与群体效能对情绪的作用机制。研究结果显示:1)集体行动的消极结果会引发参与者愤怒与沮丧情绪体验,且愤怒情绪对其未来行动意愿有正向预测作用,沮丧情绪对其未来行动意愿有负向预测作用;2)群体认同与群体效能会影响群体成员因集体行动失利而产生的愤怒感与沮丧感,参与者对内群体的认同感越强,效能评估越高,在集体行动遭遇挫败时体验到的愤怒感就越强,体验到的沮丧感就越弱。本研究扩展了集体行动的情绪研究取向,并为探讨集体行动的动态演变提供了新的研究思路。

Protest encounters setback: Effects of emotional reactions on participation intention in context of frustrate collective action

Like any goal-oriented behavior,collective action is accompanied by successes,setbacks,and failures,all of which are likely to cause protestors' complex psychological reactions.Although there is a vast literature on the structural and psychological factors that mobilize collective action,little is yet known about how outcomes of collective action affect emotional experience and continued engagement.The present article focused on two emotions that seem particularly relevant in the context of frustrated collective action:anger,which is supposed to increase effort in the future,and frustration,which is supposed to result in withdrawal.Moreover,we proposed that group identity and group efficiency are two central variables in determining the intensity of emotions.Both group identity and group efficiency could be positive predictors of anger and negative predictors of frustration.Four studies were conducted to examine above-mentioned hypothesis.In study1 we tested the assumption that non-attainment of a group goal would trigger group members' intense anger or frustration.Group identity and group efficency were manipulated to investigate the effects of these two psychological variables on participants' emotional reactions to failure of collective action in study2 and study3.Using a longitudinal survey,study4 verified research conclusions within the background of a real event.Results indicated that when facing setbacks,participants' feeling of anger was positively related with future action intentions,and their feeling of frustration was negatively related with future action intentions.That's to say,in the context of frustrated collective action,anger could motive people to pursue further action,while frustration could suppress their sustaining engagement.Furthermore,the intensity of anger was positively predicted by group identity and group efficiency,and the intensity of frustration was negatively predicted by these two factors.Thus,participants who identified with the ingroup or perceived their group as efficacious were more likely to experience anger about the non-attainment of a group goal and less likely to feel frustration.The present work highlights the importance of taking into account outcomes of collective action with their associated achievement emotions,proves the hypothesis that collective action would feed back into appraisals of emotions,and fits into recent calls to develop dynamic theoretical models of collective action.It also provides a useful experimental paradigm through which researchers could study the reciprocal relations between emotions and collective action.Another important theoretical implication of this research is that it empirically investigates the motivating role of pride in the context of collective action.Future research should replicate these findings in other contexts of collective action to examine that whether these findings are generalizable,and explore when and why setback of collective action could motive people come to opt for non-normative action.