动机性视角与认知加工视角下三重自我的层级关系

自我并非是一个单一的、整体的认知结构,至少包含3个基本的自我表征形式:个体自我、关系自我与集体自我。从动机性视角出发,3种自我的层级关系存在4种可能的假设:(1)个体自我首要性假设;(2)关系自我首要性假设;(3)集体自我首要性假设;(4)情境性假设。以往动机性视角出发的研究偏向于支持个体自我首要性假设,但其结论仍需通过进一步考察其他可能变量的作用而加以验证。从认知视角考虑三重自我的层级关系时,以往的研究结果并不统一,缺乏同时比较个体自我、关系自我、集体自我的层级关系的整合性研究。今后需要重点探索将三重自我整合起来的新的实验范式,从而有助于对三重自我层级关系的分析与探究。

The relationship among the individual self,the relational self and the collective self: Based on the motivational and cognitive perspectives

The self-concept is not a singular and monolithic cognitive structure.Instead,it comprises three fundamental components:the individual self,the relational self and the collective self.From the perspective of motivational primacy,there are four potential hypotheses for the hierarchy of tripartite self):a.individual-self primacy hypothesis,b.relational-self primacy hypothesis,c.collective-self primacy hypothesis,d.contextual primacy hypothesis.The integrated results of previous studies based on motivational perspectives tend to support individual-self primacy hypothesis,but the effects caused by other potential variables still remains to be verified.Nevertheless,considering the hierarchical status of the tripartite self from the cognitive perspectives,results of previous researches are inconsistent.Meanwhile,the integrated research in which the cognitive hierarchical status of the tripartite self can be compared is also inadequate.It requires to focus more on new experimental paradigms which can integrate the tripartite self in future researches,thus to promote the analysis and studies regarding hierarchical status of the tripartite self.