对抗偏见:作为偏见消减策略的社会行为

对抗偏见是偏见对象或旁观者对偏见持有者表示不满的社会行为,能够降低偏见持有者的偏见水平,并有助于形成反偏见的社会规范,是一种有效的偏见消减策略。对抗偏见领域的研究可分为对抗偏见效果研究与对抗偏见行为研究。前者主要采用材料型和实验型研究范式,关注对抗偏见的作用机制、具体效果及对抗偏见效果的影响因素;后者主要采用回顾型、实时记录型和前瞻型研究范式,关注对抗偏见行为的发生机制和影响因素。将来这一领域需注重研究范式的综合使用及生态效度的提高,以促进对抗偏见效果研究与对抗偏见行为研究的有机结合;并在对抗偏见的神经机制和有效策略方面进一步深入探索。

Confronting prejudice: A social behavior as a strategy of prejudice reduction

Confronting prejudice is a social behavior adopted by prejudice targets and bystanders in order to express their dissatisfaction.This social behavior can reduce the level of prejudice of the perpetrating group and contribute to the establishment of anti-prejudice social norms.It is an effective strategy to reduce prejudice.Research on confronting prejudice can be divided into two aspects,i.e.the effect of confronting prejudice and the confronting prejudice behavior.The former focuses on the action mechanism,specific effect and factors affecting confronting prejudice,using material and experimental research paradigms;while the later focuses on the occurrence mechanism and factors affecting the confronting prejudice behavior,using retrospective,real-time recording and prospective research paradigms.Future research should pay much more attention to the comprehensive use of research paradigms and improvement of ecological validity to facilitate the organic combination of the research on the effect and behaviors of confronting prejudice.It would also be useful to explore the neurophysiologic mechanism and effective strategies for confronting prejudice in the future.