青少年未来时间洞察力与学业成绩的关系:坚韧性的中介作用

对756名青少年进行问卷调查，考察未来时间洞察力、坚韧性与学业成绩之间的关系。结果发现：（1）未来消极、未来迷茫显著负向预测学业成绩，未来坚持和未来计划能显著正向预测学业成绩；（2）坚韧性在未来时间洞察力的六个维度与学业成绩之间的关系各不相同。具体而言，坚韧性在未来积极和未来清晰与学业成绩之间无中介效应，坚韧性在未来消极与学业成绩之间起部分中介作用，坚韧性在未来迷茫、未来坚持、未来计划与学业成绩之间起完全中介作用。

Adolescent's Future Time Perspective and Academic Achievement: The Mediating Role of Grit

Future time perspective refers to a relatively stable trait which reflects individuals' perception, emotional experience and action tendency toward future. It's used to describe the individual differences on the time dimension. Grit is the quality that enables individuals to work hard and stick to their long-term passions and goals. Prior studies found that future time perspective was positively correlated with academic achievement. Meanwhile, existing research showed that grit was a strong predictor to academic achievement beyond of talent. Although these studies showed future time perspective affect academic performance vigorously, the interaction of future time perspective and other predictors of academic achievement has not been fully investigated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between future time perspective and academic achievement in adolescent, as well as the mediating effects of grit between future time perspective and academic achievement.A total of 756 adolescents from Henan province and Hunan province were recruited in this study. The sample was made up of six classes from senior high school (male is 43.8% and mean age is 15.70±0.78 years) and eight classes from junior high school (male is 52.8% and mean age is 12.35±0.67 years). Future time perspective was assessed by Adolescents' Future Time Perspective Scale, which has acceptable reliability in our study (Cronbach's alpha=.858). It consist of 28 items, each item is administered with 1 to 5 point ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". The scale includes six factors. namely, future positive, future negative, future confusion, future-perseverant, future-perspicuity and future planning. Grit was examined by Duckworth's Grit-S which comprises 8 items. The items in the questionnaire were rated on 5-point Liket-type scales ranging from 1 (absolutely not like me) to 5(extremely like me). The internal consistency of grit is 0.73 in this study. The Grit-S scale include two factors, there are perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Academic achievement was measured by the standardized scores of mean of mid-term scores in Chinese, Math and English. Mplus's Bootstrap program was employed to test the mediation effect of grit.The results indicated that:(1) future-negative and future-confusion was significantly negatively relation with grit and academic achievement, meanwhile, future-negative was a negatively factor to academic achievement; there was a significantly positive relationship between future-positive and grit, academic achievement; The results of future-perseverant, future-perspicuity, and future-planning are the same with future-positive; (2) future-negative had a significant direct and indirect effect on academic achievement, future-confusion, future-perseverant and future-planning had a significant indirect effect on academic achievement through grit; These results indicated that grit disposition served as a mediator between FTP and academic achievement. Implications for theory and practice are highlighted.