道德概念净脏隐喻及其对道德判断的影响

通过3个实验考察道德概念净脏隐喻的心理现实性以及道德概念净脏背景和净脏自身隐喻对道德判断的影响及其差异。结果表明：（1）道德概念净脏隐喻具有心理现实性，即被试在洁净背景上判断道德词的反应时更快，在肮脏背景上判断不道德词的反应时更快。（2）当将道德两难故事呈现在肮脏背景上时，相比于呈现在洁净背景上，被试更容易将故事主人公的行为判断为不道德，表现出隐喻一致性效应。（3）相比于肮脏自身启动，被试在洁净自身启动下对道德两难故事主人公的行为判断为更加不道德，表现出隐喻补偿性效应。（4）相比于洁净背景启动，被试在洁净自身启动下对道德两难故事的判断更加严厉；相比于肮脏背景启动，被试在肮脏自身启动下对道德两难故事的判断更加宽松。研究结果证明，道德概念净脏隐喻具有心理现实性，净脏背景和净脏自身隐喻均影响个体的道德判断，并且二者对道德判断的影响不同。

The Clean and Dirty Metaphors of Moral Concepts and Its Influence on Moral Judgments

We adopted three experiments to explore the psychological reality of the clean and dirty metaphors of moral concepts and its influence and differences of the environment and self clean-dirty metaphors of moral concepts on moral judgments. The results showed that:(1) The clean and dirty metaphors of moral concepts had the psychological reality, specifically, participants' RTs of judging moral words were significantly faster than the RTs of judging immoral words on the clean background, and their RTs of judging immoral words were significantly faster than the RTs of judging moral words on the dirty background. (2) In comparison to the moral dilemma stories presented on the clean background, it was easier for participants to judge more immoral for the leading roles' behavior of the stories in the moral judgment tasks on the dirty background, which revealed the metaphor consistency effects. (3) Compared with the self dirtiness prime condition, participants judged more immoral for the leading roles' behavior of the stories in the moral judgment tasks in the self cleanliness prime condition, which displayed the metaphor compensation effects. (4)Compared with the environment cleanliness prime condition, participants' judgments were more severe for the moral dilemma stories in the self cleanliness prime condition; compared with the environment dirtiness prime condition, participants' judgments were looser in the self dirtiness prime condition. Generally, the results suggest that the clean and dirty metaphors of moral concepts have the psychological reality. The environment and self clean-dirty metaphors influence participants' moral judgments, but have different effects on the moral judgments.