自我损耗对运动表现影响的元分析

运用元分析方法考察自我损耗对运动表现影响及其调节变量。通过中英文文献搜索,共纳入31篇文献和37个效应量,总样本量为1613。结果:(1)总体效应量检验发现,运动任务中的自我损耗为中等效应量,d=0.55,95%CI为[0.39,0.71];由于存在发表偏倚性,该中等效应量可能会被高估。(2)调节变量检验发现,自我损耗效应量较少受研究对象来源、研究对象类型和运动任务类型的影响;但受损耗任务类型和技能型任务中压力情境的影响。(3)执行运动任务时,主观体力感、心率和肌电等指标不存在自我损耗效应。这些研究结果支持了自我控制的力量模型具有普遍适用性,自我控制资源的领域普遍性以及自我控制的力量模型与注意控制理论整合的观点。未来研究应严格控制实验条件、拓展运动任务中自我损耗应对和自我控制训练的研究。

The influence of ego depletion on sporting performance: A meta-analysis

This meta-analysis examined the effect of ego depletion,as well as potential moderators,on sporting performance.A search of relevant literature in both Chinese and English databases yielded a total of 31 papers (n =1613 participants),which were all included in the meta-analysis.The results revealed that:(1) There was a moderate effect of ego depletion on sporting performance (d =0.55,95％ CI [0.39,0.71]),although this might be overestimated due to publication bias.(2) The effect of ego depletior on sporting performance was not moderated by the type of participant or sporting task,but was moderated by the type of ego depleting task and stress manipulation used.(3) There was no significant effect found for ego depletion on subjective perceived exertion,heart rate,or EMG activation in the sporting tasks.These findings support the generalizability of Baumeister's Strength Model of Self-Control,as well as its integration with Eysenck and colleague's Attention Control Theory.Future research should attempt to standardize the experimental conditions employed,and explore interventions designed to mitigate against ego depletion effects in sport.