错误相关负波（ERN）在精神病理学研究中的应用

错误相关负波（error-related negativity, ERN）是由行为错误诱发的一种脑电波成分，最大峰值在错误反应之后的50ms左右，偶极子源定位于前扣带回（anterior cingulate cortex, ACC）附近。错误加工（error processing）的经典研究范式中出现的ERN成分可能反映了ACC具有错误检测、冲突监控、强化学习、情绪动机等功能。大量研究表明过度的和不足的错误相关脑活动（hyperactive and hypoactive error processing）可能分别与精神病理学的内化性和外化性障碍（internalizing and externalizing disorders）相关联。内化性和外化性障碍的内表型（endophenotype）的研究，还存在许多值得进一步探索的问题。

Application of Error-Related Negativity (ERN) in Psychopathological Research

The ERN is a negative deflection in the event-related potentials that peak approximately 50 ms after the commission of an error; it's located around anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The ERN in classical paradigms of error processing research may reflect error detecting, conflict monitoring, reinforcement learning, or motivational/affective functions of ACC. A Lot of researches suggests that increased and decreased error-related brain activities are associated with the internalizing and externalizing dimensions of psychopathology, respectively. There are many issues worthy of further exploration in terms of the endophenotype construct of internalizing and externalizing disorders.