Responses to Successful and Unsuccessful Performance: The Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Performance and Attributions |
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| Authors: | Silver William S. Mitchell Terence R. Gist Marilyn E. |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 O''Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;3. Department of Health & Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, 230 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;1. Department of General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi Campus, Taiwan;2. Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi Campus, Taiwan;3. Department of Nursing & Nursing Department, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi Campus & Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan;1. School of Management, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China;2. School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper reports on two experiments which explore how individuals with high and low self-efficacy differ in the way they interpret performance feedback and make causal attributions to sustain their self-efficacy perceptions for subsequent performance attempts. The results from Study 1 show that high self-efficacy people make self-serving attributions for unsuccessful performance, while low self-efficacy individuals make self-effacing attributions for unsuccessful performance. In Study 2, these attribution patterns were replicated and shown to combine with past performance, to account for 53% of the variance in subsequent self-efficacy. The implications for improving training interventions, and for understanding the causes of poor performance, are discussed. |
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