马克思的自由观及其当代意义

马克思的哲学中，艺术活动始终是人类自由生存的典范状态。在其早期思想中，由于视生产劳动本质上是一种类似于艺术的活动，马克思认为消除了异化的生产实践便是人的自由的实现?而在其晚年思想中，由于认识到物质生产领域始终是一个必然性王国，自由王国便被置于这一必然王国的彼岸，自由的实现也便只能存在于艺术活动之中，但这一自由王国的繁荣又依赖于必然王国借助生产率的提高所提供的自由时间的增长。马克思的这一自由观对于当代人类的自我理解仍有重要的意义。

Marx's View of Freedom and its Meaning for the Present Time

In Marx's philosophy, artistic activity is always the typical state of human existence of freedom. Marx thought in his early time that the production practice eliminating alienation was the realization of human beings' freedom because he considered the nature of production to resemble aesthetic activity. While in his late time he placed the realm of freedom beyond the end of realm of necessity since the field of the production was always a realm of necessity and the realization of freedom only existed in the artistic activities. But the prosperous development of the realm of freedom depends on the realm of necessity which offers more free time in the light of the increase of the productive efficiency. Such a view is of great significance to the self - understanding of contemporary human beings.