儿童对观察者预期造成的模糊刺激解释多样性的理解

研究考察6~8岁儿童在由观察者预期造成的对模糊信息有多样解释上的理解.操纵影响观察者预期的因素,包括知觉经验、知识水平、先前经历和偏见,要求儿童预测观察者对局限视野图形或两可动作信息的解释.结果表明,6岁儿童仅对观察者偏见影响其对行动者行为的解释拥有部分理解,他们还不能理解知觉经验和知识水平会影响观察者对视觉刺激的解释,以及先前经历会影响观察者对行动者行为的解释.7岁儿童除了知识水平外,其它三方面的理解都已发展起来.8岁儿童可以理解多种观察者预期造成的解释差异,解释性心理理论比较稳定,但离完全成熟的理解还有一段距离.

Children's Understanding of Multiple Interpretations Corresponding to Observer's Expectation

The study explored 6 to 8 years old children's understanding of the phenomenon that differed in observer's expectation leading to different interpretations to the same ambiguous information.The factors influencing the observer's expectation include perceptual experience,knowledge level,prior experience,and social prejudice were manipulated,and participants were required to predict the observer's interpretations of restricted view drawings or ambiguous actions.The results indicated that 6-year-olds could only partly understand that observer's social prejudice influence their interpretation of actor's behavior,and they could not understand that prior perceptual experience and knowledge level influence observer's interpretations of visual stimuli,they could not understand that previous experience influence how observer interprets actor's behavior either.7-year-olds could understand all the factors influencing expectations,except knowledge level.8-year-olds could understand difference in interpretations due to a variety of observer's expectations.They seemed to have stable interpretive theory of mind,though they still did not reach the fully mature understanding of the complex issue of interpretation.