Temperament and sleep behaviors in infants and toddlers living in low-income homes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Cincinnati College of Nursing, USA;2. The Ohio State University Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy, USA;1. Department of Psychology, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan;2. Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, United Kingdom;3. Division of Human Communication, Development and Hearing, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 1, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;1. Crane Center for Early Childhood Research & Policy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States;2. College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States;1. Lancaster University, United Kingdom;2. University of Exeter, United Kingdom;3. University of California, Los Angeles, United States;1. Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, United States;2. Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States;3. Department of Psychology, Merrimack College, United States;4. Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States |
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| Abstract: | Temperament is a dynamic trait that can be shaped by maturity and environmental experiences. In this study, we sought to determine whether and the extent to which temperament was predicted by sleeping behaviors in an understudied sample of primarily Black and White infants and toddlers living in low-income homes (N = 150). Sleeping behaviors were assessed at 15–19 months of age with caregiver report of the Tayside Children’s Sleep Questionnaire. Temperament was examined as effortful control, negativity, and surgency with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form at 9–12 months of age and with the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire Short Form at 20–24 months of age. Covariates were maternal education, household income, and child sex and race. Continuous variables were standardized, then missing data from independent variables were multiply imputed in 20 datasets. Regression analyses showed that about 1 SD improvement in toddler sleep behaviors significantly predicted about 1/5 SD better toddler effortful control. However, sleep behaviors did not significantly predict toddler surgency or negative affect. This study shows that for a sample of infants and toddlers in low-income homes, how a child learns to regulate sleeping behaviors may influence the development of overall effortful control about six months later. |
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| Keywords: | Temperament Sleep Toddler Infant Low-income |
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