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Going virtual in the early years: 30-month-old toddlers recognize commonly used emojis
Affiliation:1. Institute of Linguistics, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China;2. School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China;1. 0-3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy;2. Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Milan, Italy;3. Bioengineering Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy;1. Washington State University, USA;2. Bowdoin College, USA;3. University of Leuven, Belgium;4. University of São Paulo, Brazil;5. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago, Chile;6. Capital Normal University, China;7. University of Helsinki, Finland;8. 0-3 Centre for the at-Risk Infant, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Italy;9. Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy;10. Ewha Womans University, South Korea;11. Ewha Social Science Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea;12. National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico;13. Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands;14. Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands;15. University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands;p. Babes Bolyai University, Romania;q. Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Russia;r. University of Murcia, Spain;s. Özyeğin University, Turkey;t. Trakya University, Turkey;u. Tampere University, Finland
Abstract:People nowadays do not only display facial expressions in face to face communication but also in on-line communication using graphical symbols named emojis. The present study explored 30-month-old toddlers’ ability to recognize emojis that represented six basic human emotions. In the study, 38 toddlers first saw scenarios that elicited different emotions in an actor and were asked to visually identify the matching emoji in the presence of a distractor. Eye-tracking results showed that toddlers could correctly identify the emoji that represented the emotion in each scenario. Toddlers then heard different emotion words and were again found to be able to identify the matching emoji. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the ability to recognize and understand the emotional value of emotion symbols in the virtual world emerges early in development.
Keywords:Toddlers  Emotion recognition  Emojis  On-line communication
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