Quality of the home,daycare and neighborhood environment and the cognitive development of economically disadvantaged children in early childhood: A mediation analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-graduação Saúde, Sociedade e Ambiente da UFVJM, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil;3. Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Carlos Luz, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;4. Departamento de Nutrição da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Alto da Jacuba, 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil;5. Instituto Presbiteriano Gammon, Praça Dr. Jorge, 370, Centro, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil;1. School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;2. Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;1. Max Planck Research Group Naturalistic Social Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany;2. Laboratory of Developmental Neuroscience, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro de Portillo 5, 00128, Rome, Italy;1. Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;2. Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan;3. Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;4. Department of Children and Women’s Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;1. Rochester Institute of Technology, United States;2. University of Massachusetts Boston, United States |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to investigate how socioeconomic factors and the quality of ecological environments affect motor and cognitive development of economically disadvantaged children. This is a cross-sectional, predictive and correlational study using structural equation modeling to analyze data on 147 economic disadvantage children of 24–36 months attending public daycare. The Bayley-III Scales, the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory, the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition, a socioeconomic index and a specifically designed questionnaire on neighborhood quality were applied. The ecological environments did not affect motor development, but 25 % of variations in cognitive development were explained by socioeconomic differences and differences in the quality of the neighborhood, home and daycare. However, only the quality of the home and daycare had a direct impact, with the other factors affecting the outcome indirectly and to a lesser extent. In conclusion, this study investigated the association between the ecological contexts of economically disadvantaged children and their cognitive and motor development. The findings showed that the environmental context had effect on cognitive development. The home was the environment that exerted the most significant direct effect, followed by daycare and, indirectly and to a lesser extent, the neighborhood. Therefore, the coordination of public policies between health, education and social assistance sectors, aiming at the three ecological environments is important in order to promote the cognitive development of economically disadvantaged children. |
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| Keywords: | Child development Poverty Childcare quality Sociocultural Environment Family relations |
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