Categorization in infancy based on novelty and co-occurrence |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, United States;2. Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, United States;3. Haskins Laboratories, United States;1. Department of Social Sciences, Södertörn University, Sweden;2. Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden;1. International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain;2. Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Grupo de Investigación Pediatría Integral y Psicología Pediátrica (CTS-152), Spain;3. Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain;1. Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology at Hallym University, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Speech and Hearing Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA;3. Excellence at School of Communication Science and Disorders at the University of Memphis, USA;4. Department of Communicative Disorders at the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, USA |
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| Abstract: | Abstract categories (i.e., groups of objects that do not share perceptual features, such as food) abound in everyday situations. The present looking time study investigated whether infants are able to distinguish between two abstract categories (food and toys), and how this ability may extend beyond perceived information by manipulating object familiarity in several ways. Test trials displayed 1) the exact familiarized objects paired as they were during familiarization, 2) a cross-pairing of these same familiar objects, 3) novel objects in the same category as the familiarized items, or 4) novel objects in a different category. Compared to the most familiar test trial (i.e., Familiar Category, Familiar Objects, Familiar Pairings), infants looked longer to all other test trials. Although there was a linear increase in looking time with increased novelty of the test trials (i.e., Novel Category as the most novel test trial), the looking times did not differ significantly between the Novel Category and Familiar Category, Unfamiliar Objects trials. This study contributes to our understanding of how infants form object categories based on object familiarity, object co-occurrence, and information abstraction. |
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| Keywords: | Categorization Infant visual attention Co-occurrence |
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