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Birth order,stimulating environment,and maternal factors in developmental outcomes: A longitudinal Mexican study
Institution:1. División de Investigación, Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Juan N. Navarro, Secretaría de Salud, Calle Juárez 239, Colonia Centro de Tlalpan, Tlalpan. C. P. 14000, Ciudad de México, Mexico;2. Departamento de Educación y Comunicación de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico;3. Departamento de Economía de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico;4. Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico;5. División de Investigación del Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Juan N. Navarro, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico;1. Max Planck Research Group Naturalistic Social Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany;2. Laboratory of Developmental Neuroscience, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro de Portillo 5, 00128, Rome, Italy;1. Department of Primary Education, University of Potsdam, Germany;2. Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany;3. Department of Inclusive Education, University of Potsdam, Germany;4. Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Germany;1. Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;2. Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan;3. Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;4. Department of Children and Women’s Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;1. School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;2. Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Abstract:This study longitudinally examined the interplay between birth-order and well-known risk factors in impoverished environments such as inadequate environmental stimulation, low maternal education, and young maternal age in children from birth to 36 months. In the developmental motor domain, the effect of the stimulating environment over time, favored first-borns. In the adaptive domain, maternal education privileged first-born boys. In language development, first-borns reached higher scores over time than laterborn identifying a positive impact of stimulation. In the personal-social domain, firstborns obtained higher averages overall, but stratified models revealed that later-borns reached the first-borns scores as maternal age increased.
Keywords:Birth order  Stimulating environment  Maternal education  Maternal age  Early infant development
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