Voluntary decision-making in addiction: A comprehensive review of existing measurement tools |
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| Institution: | 1. LIP/PC2S Lab, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France;2. University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States;1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Talbot Hall 181 Taylor Ave., Columbus, OH 43203, USA;2. College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA;4. Program in Addiction Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;5. Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA;6. Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;1. Yale University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States of America;2. VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States of America;1. Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;2. Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Center Institute, Brescia, Italy;1. Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States;3. Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States;4. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States;5. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States;6. Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States |
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| Abstract: | The notion of voluntariness, notably the inability to refrain from using an addictive substance, is central to addiction. This review examines different constructs measuring voluntariness in the context of drug addiction. We found 117 articles featuring 123 distinct scales for 11 of the 16 constructs initially searched. Self-efficacy was by far the construct with most scales. Most scales were not specifically developed with samples of people with addictions. From a methodological standpoint, current literature jeopardizes the validity of generalizations about how voluntariness functions and is measured in people with and without a drug addiction. From the standpoint of social psychology, the study of voluntariness remains anchored in an individualistic orientation to the study of cognition and behavior, thus calling for greater crosstalk between psychology subspecialties. |
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| Keywords: | Addiction Free will Voluntariness Decision making Scale development Personality Social psychology Pragmatism |
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