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Factors of acceptability,acceptance and usage for non-rail autonomous public transport vehicles: A systematic literature review
Affiliation:1. Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands;2. Innovation Centre for Mobility and Societal Change, 10829 Berlin, Germany;3. Department BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands;4. Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;5. Department Cognitive Robotics, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands;1. Department Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands;2. Innovation Centre for Mobility and Societal Change, Germany;3. Department BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands;4. Centre for Mobility and Transport, Coventry University, United Kingdom;5. Department Cognitive Robotics, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands;1. School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China;2. Transportation Research Centre, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, 20 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;3. Transportation Research Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;4. Transportation Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand;5. International Development and Cooperation (IDEC) at the Hiroshima University, Japan;1. Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;2. Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft und Betriebsorganisation, Engler-Bunte-Ring 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;3. Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Philosophy, Habelschwerdter Allee 30, 14195 Berlin, Germany;4. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Social Sciences, Universitätsstr. 3b, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Abstract:Non-rail autonomous public transport vehicles have emerged over the last few years. Technical progress in automation has resulted in a growing number of autonomous shuttle pilot experiments. Although these systems are technologically feasible, determining the extent to which they correspond to users’ needs and expectations remains a major issue. In order to answer that question, we conducted a systematic review which synthesizes the literature regarding the acceptability and willingness to use this type of autonomous public transport. This literature review allowed us to identify 39 documents addressing 70 factors of acceptability, acceptance and usage of non-rail autonomous public transport vehicles. The most cited factors in the literature concern service characteristics (times, schedules, fares) and safety issues (road-safety, on-board security). Factors related to automation level, comfort and access to the vehicle feature appear to a lesser extent. Acceptance is also related to personal factors, such as socio-demographics, travel habits, and personality. This review could be of interest to designers and manufacturers of non-rail autonomous public transport vehicles, as well as policy makers, and assist with the successful implementation of autonomous public transport services which are better adapted and meet the needs of all potential users.
Keywords:Autonomous vehicle  Autonomous shuttle  Public transit  Willingness to use  User needs
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