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Sense of agency disturbances in movement disorders: A comprehensive review
Institution:1. Psychology Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy;2. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience (ICN), University College London, London, UK;1. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 975, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France;2. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France;3. Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience – INSERM U894, Paris, France;4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;5. French National Reference Centre for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France;1. Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D''Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy;2. Department of Psychological Sciences, “G. D''Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy;3. Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G D''Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;1. Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George''s University of London, London, United Kingdom;2. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, United Kingdom;3. Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy;5. Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital Magdeburg, Germany;1. Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D''Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy;2. Department of Psychological Sciences, G d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;3. Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;1. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia, 8, Padova, Italy;2. Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;3. Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;4. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, Padova, Italy
Abstract:Sense of agency refers to the experience that one’s self-generated action causes an event in the external environment. Here, we review the behavioural and brain evidence of aberrant experiences of agency in movement disorders, clinical conditions characterized by either a paucity or an excess of movements unrelated to the patient’s intention. We show that specific abnormal agency experiences characterize several movement disorders. Those manifestations are typically associated with structural and functional brain abnormalities. However, the evidence is sometimes conflicting, especially when considering results obtained through different agency measures. The present review aims to create order in the existing literature on sense of agency investigations in movement disorders and to provide a coherent overview framed within current neurocognitive models of motor awareness.
Keywords:Sense of agency  Movement disorders  Parkinson’s disease  Gilles de la Tourette syndrome  Corticobasal syndrome  Functional movement disorders
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