Exploring patterns of ongoing thought under naturalistic and conventional task-based conditions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of York, UK;2. School of Nursing, University of Rochester, USA;3. School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, UK;4. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada;5. Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Canada;1. Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, England, UK;2. Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany;3. JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Germany;4. Parietal Team, INRIA, Neurospin, Bat 145, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;5. Neuroanatomy and Connectivity Group, Max Plank Institute for Cognition and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany;6. Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York State Office of Mental Health, USA;1. Department of Psychology / York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, England, United Kingdom;2. Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Physics, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States;3. Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, CT, USA;4. Department General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy;1. Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, England, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;2. ICM - Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47, bd de l''hôpital, 75013 Paris, France;1. Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Harvard, MA, USA;2. Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA;3. Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK;4. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;5. Department of Psychology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA;6. Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada;1. Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran;2. Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany;3. School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Previous research suggests that patterns of ongoing thought are heterogeneous, varying across situations and individuals. The current study investigated the influence of multiple tasks and affective style on ongoing patterns of thought. We used 9 different tasks and measured ongoing thought using multidimensional experience sampling. A Principal Component Analysis of the experience sampling data revealed four patterns of ongoing thought: episodic social cognition, unpleasant intrusive, concentration and self focus. Linear Mixed Modelling was used to conduct a series of exploratory analyses aimed at examining contextual distributions of these thought patterns. We found that different task contexts reliably evoke different thought patterns. Moreover, intrusive and negative thought pattern expression were influenced by individual affective style (depression level). The data establish the influence of task context and intrinsic features on ongoing thought, highlighting the importance of documenting how thought patterns emerge in cognitive tasks with different requirements. |
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| Keywords: | Ongoing thought Mind-wandering Naturalistic paradigms Contextual variation Affective style |
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