Looking at remembering: Eye movements,pupil size,and autobiographical memory |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia;2. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;3. University of Tasmania, Australia;1. Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;2. Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan;3. Department of Psychology, College of Contemporary Psychology, Rikkyo University, 1-2-26, Kitano, Niiza-shi, Saitama 352-8558, Japan;1. Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France;2. Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France;3. CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F44093 Nantes, France;4. Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France;5. CHU Nantes, Inserm CIC04, Nantes, France;6. Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France;1. Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden;2. Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;3. UPSET, North-West University Vaal, South Africa;4. Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;1. Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, WC1H 0AP, London, United Kingdom;2. Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padua, Italy;3. Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy;4. Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy |
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| Abstract: | To examine the relationship between visual imagery and autobiographical memory, eye position and pupil size were recorded while participants first searched for memories and then reconstructed the retrieved memories (Experiment 1), or only searched for memories (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, we observed that, although recollective experience was not associated with the number of fixations per minute, memories that took longer to retrieve were linked to increased pupil size. In Experiment 2, we observed that directly retrieved memories were recalled more quickly and were accompanied by smaller pupils than generatively retrieved memories. After correcting for response time, retrieval mode also produced an effect, showing that decreased pupil size is not simply due to directly retrieved memories being recalled more quickly. These findings provide compelling evidence that objective measures, such as pupil size, can be used alongside subjective measures, such as self-reports, to distinguish between directly retrieved and generatively retrieved memories. |
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| Keywords: | Autobiographical memory Fixations Saccades Blinks Pupil size Emotional intensity Recollective experience Retrieval mode Direct retrieval Generative retrieval |
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