Development and validation of an in-competition emotion measure: The Brief In-Competition Emotion (BICE) scale |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK;2. School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK;1. University of Konstanz, Germany;2. Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany;3. University of Trier, Germany;1. Cricket Australia, National Cricket Centre, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;2. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;3. University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia;4. Faculty of Science Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia;1. Université des Antilles, Laboratoire “Adaptation Au Climat Tropical, Exercice & Santé”, Faculté des Sciences Du Sport de Pointe-à-Pitre, France;2. Université de Poitiers, Université de Tours, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherches sur La Cognition et L’Apprentissage (UMR 7295), Poitiers, France;1. School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;2. Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;3. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;4. Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;5. Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada;6. School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;1. Cyberpsychology Laboratory and Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO|Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérôme, Canada;2. Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada;3. Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO|Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Canada;4. School of Education, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia;5. Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesWe aimed to develop a concise psychometric scale to assess athletes’ in-competition emotions, which would reduce the practical and conceptual limitations of previous measures.DesignFour studies were designed to develop and assess the validity of the new Brief In-Competition Emotion (BICE) scale.MethodIn Study 1, the content validity of 39 emotion adjectives was investigated using expert analysis, 9 adjectives were subsequently removed. In Study 2, 402 university athletes used the remaining 30 adjectives to record their in-competition emotions and confirmatory factor analyses and a reliability removal method was used to create the 10-item BICE scale. Study 3 (N = 109) and Study 4 (N = 74) consisted of both concurrent and predictive validity assessments of the BICE scale.ResultsConstruct validity, reliability and confirmatory factor analyses completed during Study 1 and Study 2 resulted in the development of the 10-item BICE scale, consisting of five composite emotion factors: anger, anxiety, excitement, dejection and happiness. The findings from Study 3 and Study 4 showed that the BICE scale presented acceptable levels of concurrent and predictive validity.ConclusionsThe BICE scale is a rigorously developed parsimonious scale which offers researchers new opportunities for investigation and provides applied practitioners with a new method of evaluating in-competition intervention efficacies. |
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| Keywords: | In-competition Measurement Emotion Affect BICE Performance |
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