Physical load reduces synchrony effects on agency and ownership in the virtual hand illusion |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, Faculty of Psychological Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China;2. TU Dresden, Faculty of Psychology & University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Neurophysiology, Germany;3. Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China;1. Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain;2. Center for Brain and Cognition and Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D''Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy;2. Department of Psychological Sciences, G d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;3. Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;1. IDAC – Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, SARC – Smart-Aging Research Center, Kawashima Laboratory, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;2. SAMBA (SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;3. NIT (Neuroscience Institute of Turin), Turin, Italy;4. eCAMPUS University, Novedrate (CO), Italy |
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| Abstract: | We used the virtual hand illusion paradigm to investigate the effect of physical load on perceived agency and body ownership. Participants pulled a resistance band that required exerting a force of 1 N, 10 N, or 20 N while operating a virtual hand that moved in synchronous or out of sync with their own hand. Explicit agency and ownership ratings were obtained, in addition to intentional binding and skin conductance as implicit measures of agency and ownership. Physical load increased perceived subjective load but showed no main effect, while synchrony effects were found on all agency and ownership measures. Interestingly, load did interact with synchrony in implicit agency and explicit ownership, by reducing and eliminating synchrony effects as movement synchrony was reduced with higher physical load. Furthermore, consistent with previous claims, implicit agency increased with perceived effort associated with higher physical load. |
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