Dual-task decrements in driving performance: The impact of task type,working memory,and the frequency of task performance |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;2. 1st University Department of Neurology, Eginiteion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;3. Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft, The Netherlands;4. School of Civil Engineering, Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece;1. The School of Psychology, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia;2. The School of Psychology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia;1. Center for Urban Transportation Research, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States;2. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States;3. Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States;1. Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium;2. Faculty of Applied Engineering Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium;3. Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands;1. Traffic Accident Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, 10, Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02703, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Driving while carrying out another (secondary) task interferes with performance, though the degree of interference may vary between tasks and individual drivers. In this study, we focused on two potentially interrelated individual difference variables that may play a role in determining dual-task interference: working memory capacity and the driver’s experience with the relevant secondary task. We used a driving simulator to measure interference, comparing single-task performance (driving alone) with driving performance during three secondary tasks: conversing on a handsfree cellphone, texting, and selecting a song on a touchscreen Mp3 player. Drivers also rated the difficulty of driving while carrying out each secondary task. For the individual difference variables, working memory was measured using the Operation Span test (OSPAN), and experience was assessed in terms of self-reported daily driving exposure and exposure to the relevant secondary tasks (frequency, duration). Overall, we found evidence of dual-task interference, though interference varied between tasks; the texting and Mp3 tasks produced significantly more interference than handsfree cellphone conversation. For the texting and Mp3 song selection tasks, interference was apparent in terms of increased steering variability, but for the Mp3 task there was also compensatory slowing, with drivers slowing down while carrying out the task. OSPAN performance and daily driving exposure were both covariates in predicting the amount of dual-task interference. However, our results suggest that in all but two cases, both involving the texting task, the effects of the OSPAN and the driving and secondary task exposure variables were independent rather than interrelated. |
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| Keywords: | Distracted driving Young drivers Texting Cellular phones Working memory Practice |
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