Exploratory factor analysis in transportation research: Current practices and recommendations |
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| Institution: | 1. National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina;2. Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina;3. Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain;4. Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina;5. Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain;1. UHasselt, School of Transportation Sciences, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;2. Ghent University, Master Program Occupational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Belgium;3. Qatar University, Qatar Transportation and Traffic Safety Center, College of Engineering, Qatar;4. UHasselt, Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;5. PXL, Centre of Expertise in Innovation in Care, Belgium;1. Gaskin Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;2. Central Queensland University, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Centre for Mental Health Nursing Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;3. Central Queensland University, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Centre for Mental Health Nursing Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a widely used statistical method in traffic and transportation research, particularly for the development and validation of measurement instruments. This article critically examines current practices in conducting and reporting EFA in published transportation studies. One hundred and eighty papers published between 2016 and 2018 were examined, of which eighty-two were included in the present study after applying eligibility criteria. The review suggests that the quality of EFA reported in the field is routinely poor: (a) researchers fail to provide sufficient information to be able to adequately assess the appropriateness and quality of both the input data and the reported output; and (b) the decisions underlying the choices of EFA methods are not justified and rely mostly on procedures advised against, particularly the Little-Jiffy approach. In summary, a significant gap between current practice and experts' recommendations exists. We provide some guidelines that may help in conducting, reporting and reviewing EFA in transportation research. |
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| Keywords: | Transportation Research methods Multivariate analysis Exploratory factor analysis |
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