More than off-task: Increased freely-moving thought in ADHD |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, United States;4. Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue, United States;1. Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA;1. Department of Philosophy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;1. Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran;2. Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany;3. School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;1. Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland;2. Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France;3. University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom;1. Psychology Department, University of New Hampshire, USA;2. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA;1. Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA;2. Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Off-task thought has been found to occur at high rates and is related to impairment in ADHD. However, off-task thought is heterogenous and it remains unclear which specific dimensions of off-task thought are more prevalent in this disorder. It is therefore important to dissociate different aspects of off-task thought in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying impairment. The current study focused on the dimension of constrained (focused) to freely moving off-task thought. Self-report and neurophysiological measures during a computerized attention tasks provided convergent evidence that individuals with ADHD not only have more off-task thought than those without, but also engaged in a greater proportion of freely moving off-task thought than non-ADHD controls. Overall, this work demonstrated differences in both the quantity and type of off-task thought in adults with ADHD. It provides novel insight into both the phenomenology of off-task thought, as well as potential mechanisms underlying impairment in ADHD. |
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| Keywords: | ADHD Off-task thought Mind wandering EEG |
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